A new report has revealed that violent conflict across the northern part of the country is deepening poverty and weakening the ability of households to recover from economic shocks.
The report, titled: ‘Insecurity, Livelihoods and Welfare in Northern Nigeria’, identified three major forms of insecurity affecting the region: Boko Haram/ISWAP insurgency in the North-East, farmer-herder conflicts in the North-Central, and banditry and kidnapping in the North-West.
The findings were unveiled on Thursday in Abuja, during a high-level webinar convened by the ‘Chronic Poverty Advisory Network of the Institute of Development Studies’, United Kingdom; the ‘Development Research and Projects Centre; and the ‘Foreign, ‘Commonwealth and Development Office-supported Strengthening Peace and Resilience in Nigeria project’.
Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Poverty Reduction, Dr. Bernard Doro, opened and closed the session, reflecting on the implications of the findings for the ministry’s ‘One Humanitarian–One Poverty Response System’ policy.
Presenting the report, CPAN Deputy Director, Dr. Vidya Diwakar, said the study explored the relationship between insecurity and household welfare using data from the ‘Nigeria Living Standards Survey 2022/23z, the ‘Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2024’, ‘Armed Conflict Location and Event Data from 2010 to 2025’, and extensive fieldwork conducted by dRPC.
The report stated that “Households in the North-East affected by Boko Haram and ISWAP attacks recorded between eight and 14% lower expenditure per adult equivalent, when violent incidents occurred within two years before the survey. “Conflict-related debt accumulated since 2009 was also associated with an additional expenditure loss of between eight and 13%”, it stated.
The study found that “Farmer-herder clashes had the most severe impact on near-poor households in the North-Central zone, resulting in a 14% drop in expenditure at the 60th percentile, the largest single welfare effect recorded in the study. In the North-West region, banditry and kidnapping were linked to expenditure losses ranging from four to 11%, particularly among moderately poor households”.
Despite the challenges, the report identified livelihood diversification as the most effective strategy for building resilience and escaping chronic poverty. According to the findings, combining farming, non-farming and enterprise-based income-generating activities emerged as “the single most consistent protective factor across all three conflict types”.
The report, however, noted that “only 13% of household heads in Northern Nigeria were currently pursuing diversified income opportunities”. The study also found that education strengthens households’ ability to diversify income sources, although the benefits remain weaker among women- and youth-headed households, which account for 28.9 percent of households in the region.
Reviewing the findings, Team Lead of SPRiNG, Dr. Ukoha Ukiwo; Director of the Plateau State Peace Building Agency, Dr. Julie Sanda, and the Senior Special Assistant to the President on Chieftaincy Matters, Abba Waziri, highlighted the importance of linking peace-building efforts with livelihood recovery programmes.
The discussants stressed that rebuilding livelihoods and expanding economic opportunities are critical to reducing vulnerability and promoting long-term peace in conflict-affected communities. Particular emphasis was placed on training traditional rulers and community leaders to play stronger roles in peace-building initiatives.
The Minister pledged continued collaboration between the government and stakeholders and challenged researchers to generate evidence that would improve targeting, sequencing and graduation pathways under the OHOPRS framework, particularly for women and young people who are often excluded from poverty reduction interventions.
